a) Explain the formation and composition of scales in boilers. How are they different from sludge's? What are bad affects? (Unit 2)

b) A water sample contains the following impurities per liter: (Unit 2)

$CaCl_{2}=222~mg$; $Mg(HCO_{3})_{2}=73~mg$; $CaSO_{4}=6.8~mg$;

$NaCl=58.5~mg$; $Ca(NO_{3})_{2}=162~mg$ and $MgSO_{4}=73~mg$.

The sample of lime available is 74% pure and soda is 90% pure. 20% excess chemicals have to be added. Calculate the amount lime and soda required for the treatment of 10000 liters of water.

a) Explain the hot lime-soda process. What are its advantages? (Unit 2)

b) Write a note on ion-exchange process. (Unit 2)

a) Describe the mechanism of lubrication that is applied to delicate instruments. (Unit 3)

b) Explain about aniline point and saponification Number. (Unit 3)

a) Write a short note on the following: (Unit 4)

i) Functionality

ii) Free radical chain polymerization

iii) Ionic polymerization

b) Write a note on preparation, properties and uses of the following: (Unit 4)

i) Phenol-formaldehyde resin

ii) Buna-S

Describe the following with suitable examples:

i) Chemical corrosion and Electro chemical corrosion (Unit 5)

ii) Phase diagram of one-component water system. (Unit 5)

Discuss principle, instrumentation and applications of vibrational and rotational spectroscopy. (Unit 6)

a) How do you explain electro negativity, ionic sizes and electron affinity of s, p-block elements? (Unit 7)

b) State and explain Beer-Lambert's Law. (Unit 6)

Write brief note on (Any two):

i) Eutectic point (Unit 5)

ii) Flash point & Fire point (Unit 3)

iii) Caustic Embrittlement (Unit 2)

iv) Polarizability (Unit 7)