a) State and prove (Elementary proof) Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. (Unit 1)

b) Derive time dependent and time independent Schrodinger wave equation. (Unit 1)

a) Explain the working principle of Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with suitable ray diagram. (Unit 2)

b) Explain Rayleigh's criterion of resolution. Derive an expression for resolving power of a grating. (Unit 2)

a) Draw and explain the V-I characteristic curve of P-N junction diode. Differentiate between Avalanche and Zener breakdown. (Unit 3)

b) Explain Kronig Penney model for periodic potential. Write down the Schrodinger equation and discuss conclusion of this model. (Unit 3)

a) What is the working principle of an optical fibre? How light propagates through it? Define terms: Numerical aperture, Population inversion, V-number. (Unit 4)

b) Explain construction and working of CO₂ laser with suitable energy level diagram. (Unit 4)

Write short note on any two:
a) Zener diode (Unit 3)
b) Newton's ring (Unit 2)
c) Intrinsic and Extrinsic semiconductor through Fermi level (Unit 3)
d) Solar cell (Unit 3)

a) State and prove equation of continuity. Explain its significance. (Unit 5)

b) Define the electric field intensity. Find out the expression for electric intensity due to infinite line charge. (Unit 5)

a) Explain Hall effect. Derive expression for Hall coefficient and Hall angle. (Unit 3)

b) Define wave function and state its properties. Derive energy and momentum operator. (Unit 1)

a) What is interference of light? Describe young's experiment and derive expression of fringe width. (Unit 2)

b) Write down the difference between spontaneous and stimulated emission. Write down the applications of laser. (Unit 4)