a) What functions do application and system software perform in a computer system? What distinguishes them from one another?

b) Could you explain the various memory and storage techniques typically utilized by computers.

a) What are the primary features and applications of Microsoft PowerPoint for generating presentations?

b) Contrast programming paradigms including procedural programming, object-oriented programming and functional programming. Discuss their benefits and drawbacks.

a) Discuss the various sorts of algorithmic complexities, such as time and space complexity, as well as how they are quantified.

b) Compare and contrast low-level programming languages (e.g., assembly language) and high-level programming languages (e.g., Python) in terms of their characteristics and use cases.

a) Explain what "data types" are used in C++ and what the difference is between "primitive" and "derived" data types? Give an example of each one.

b) What is an operating system, and what are its key responsibilities in a computer system? Also, discuss various types of operating systems now in use.

a) Explain the inheritance in object-oriented programming and its implications in terms of code reuse and extensibility. Discuss the various forms of inheritance, such as single inheritance, multiple inheritance and multilevel inheritance.

b) Describe the object-oriented programming concepts of objects and classes. Correlate how classes and objects interact and how it affects the modularity and organization of the code?

a) Illustrate the purpose of friend functions in C++ and their importance in gaining access to a class's private and protected members. Explain how to declare and define friend functions with an example.

b) In terms of structure, layering and compatibility with existing network protocols, compare and contrast the ISO-OSI model to the TCP/IP paradigm.

a) Determine internetworking and the difficulties associated with joining numerous networks. Discuss the importance of technologies such as routers and switches in supporting communication within the internetwork.

b) Describe the fundamentals of computer security as well as several types of malware such as viruses, worms, trojans and spyware. Examine their properties, mechanisms of propagation and potential effects on computer systems.

a) Data dictionary

b) Cloud infrastructure