a) Convert the number $(AD)_{16}$ into decimal and binary and octal numbers. (Unit 1)

b) Discuss the difference of Binary numbers and BCD code. What is binary number and BCD code for a decimal number $(13)_{10}$. (Unit 1)

a) What do you mean by Universal Gates? How to realize AND, OR and NOT functions using universal gates only? (Unit 1)

b) What do you mean by canonical form? Express the Boolean function $F = A + B'C$ in (i) SOP and (ii) POS. (Unit 1)

a) Draw and discuss the circuit of look-ahead carry generator. (Unit 2)

b) What is the half subtractor circuit? Design a half subtractor circuit and write all the necessary steps of designing. (Unit 2)

a) Explain how decoders and multiplexers can be used to implement combinational circuits. Draw a full adder circuit with a decoder. (Unit 2)

b) What is a digital multiplexer? Implement a Boolean function $F(A, B, C) = \Sigma (1, 3, 5, 6)$ with a multiplexer. (Unit 2)

a) Give a classification of storage devices. Discuss the modern trends in semiconductor memories such as DRAM, FLASH RAM etc. (Unit 3)

b) With the help of circuit diagram explain the working of JK flip-flop. Write its characteristics tables and equations. (Unit 3)

a) Compare TTL, PMOS, CMOS and NMOS logic families. (Unit 4)

b) Write a note on voltage to frequency and frequency to Voltage conversion. (Unit 4)

a) Draw block diagram of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) and explain it in detail. What do you mean by quantization error and how to minimize it? (Unit 5)

b) Discuss the need of A/D and D/A convertors. Draw successive approximation analog to digital converter and explain its working in details. (Unit 4)

Write a short note on any two:

a) Shannon's theorem for channel capacity (Unit 5)

b) Schmitt trigger (Unit 4)

c) Racing condition (Unit 3)

d) ROM and PLA (Unit 3)