Q.1) What is Energy? Discuss the energy scenario giving emphasis on: Sources, efficiency and storage. (Nov-2022)

Q.2) a) What are the Primary Goals of Sustainability?
b) How can our energy system be more Earth-friendly? (June-2023, Dec-2023)

Q.3) a) State advantage, disadvantages and applications of solar energy.
b) How does a forced circulation solar water heater differ from natural circulation solar water heater? (June-2023)

Q.4) a) Give the classification of hydro-electric power plant. What are the criteria of site selection for hydroelectric plant?
b) Differentiate between single-basin and double-basin tidal plants. Explain briefly the various components of tidal power plants. (June-2023, June-2024)

Q.5) a) What are semiconductors? What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors?
b) What is a photovoltaic cell? Explain briefly with a neat diagram a silicon photovoltaic cell. (June-2023)

Q.6) a) Explain with a neat sketch the construction and working of wind-electric generating plant.
b) Explain with a neat diagram the construction and working of floating drum type biogas plant. State also its advantages and disadvantages. (June-2023)

Q.7) a) What are the challenges for the implementation of Geothermal Energy power generation system?
b) Explain in your words how far is research in the field of combined solar panels (PV and Thermal)? (Dec-2023)

Q.8) a) Describe the concept of energy efficiency and its importance in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
b) Discuss the various strategies and technologies used to improve energy efficiency in buildings, industries and transportation sectors. (Dec-2024)

Q.9) a) State the advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear energy as a source of electricity.
b) Describe in brief about the environmental impacts of fossil fuel combustion and greenhouse gas emissions on air pollution, water pollution. (Dec-2024)

Q.10) What is Energy conservation? Write down different methods of energy conservation. (June-2023, June-2024)

Q.11) Write short notes on:
a) Fossil fuels (Nov-2022, June-2024)
b) Wind Energy (Nov-2022)
c) High-efficiency batteries (Dec-2024)

Q.1) What is Biomass energy? Explain the process of Gasification of Biomass. (Predicted)

Q.2) Explain the concept of Hydrogen Energy. Discuss the advantages and challenges of using Hydrogen as a fuel. (Predicted)

Q.3) Discuss the environmental trade-offs of different energy systems (Solar vs Coal vs Wind). (Predicted)

Q.4) What is Pumped storage hydro power project? Explain with a diagram. (Predicted)

Q.5) Write a note on Superconductor-based energy storages. (Predicted)

Q.1) Describe the fundamentals of an ecosystem. Explain the relationship among the different parts of an ecosystem with the help of a schematic diagram. (Nov-2022)

Q.2) How is an ecosystem evolved? Write different components of an ecosystem. How is balance maintained in an ecosystem? Comment on the statement, "An ecosystem with large population is not healthy". (June-2024)

Q.3) a) What are the indicators, tools and techniques of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy (treatment) of ecosystem health?
b) What is the meaning of law of tolerance? Explain how tolerance can increase biodiversity? (Dec-2023)

Q.4) a) Discuss the importance of conservation and management of ecosystems for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services.
b) Mention the different types of approaches and strategies for ecosystem conservation and management. (Dec-2024)

Q.5) a) What is Food Chain? Explain various types of food chains.
b) Explain aquatic Ecosystem. (Nov-2022, June-2024)

Q.6) Explain the concept of ecological pyramids and also describe its various type. (Dec-2024)

Q.7) What impact do humans have on aquatic life zones? (June-2023, Dec-2023)

Q.8) Write brief notes on:
a) Ecological pyramid (June-2024)
b) Desert ecosystem (Nov-2022)

Q.1) What is Ecological Succession? Differentiate between Primary and Secondary succession. (Predicted)

Q.2) Explain the flow of energy in an ecosystem with a neat diagram (Energy Flow Models). (Predicted)

Q.3) Discuss the characteristic features and structure of a Forest Ecosystem. (Predicted)

Q.4) Differentiate between Food Chain and Food Web. (Predicted)

Q.5) Explain the role of Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers in an ecosystem. (Predicted)

Q.1) What is Biodiversity? Discuss about the different kinds of diversity in organisms. What are the major factors responsible for the loss of genetic biodiversity? Write in detail about conservation of biodiversity. (Nov-2022, June-2024)

Q.2) a) Describe the importance of biodiversity at global, national and local region.
b) How come the human involvement impact biodiversity at each level and state its consequences for ecosystem services and human well-being. (Dec-2024)

Q.3) Discuss in brief about the which local communities can contribute to conservation, including ecotourism, sustainable livelihoods and traditional knowledge with a suitable example. (Dec-2024)

Q.4) a) Why India is called a mega biodiversity Centre? How many hotspots are present in India?
b) A collection of trees is attractive to rainfall. Is it a scientific thought. How to evaluate the economic and social values of a forest? (Dec-2023)

Q.5) Write short note on: Species Diversity. (Dec-2024)

Q.1) Explain In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity with examples. (Predicted)

Q.2) Discuss the Bio-geographical classification of India. (Predicted)

Q.3) What are the major threats to biodiversity? Explain Man-Wildlife conflicts. (Predicted)

Q.4) Define Endangered and Endemic species with examples from India. (Predicted)

Q.5) Explain the values of biodiversity (Consumptive, Productive, Social, Ethical, Aesthetic). (Predicted)

Q.1) Explain Water pollution. Enlist various sources of water pollution giving their adverse effects. How water pollution can be minimized? (Nov-2022)

Q.2) Explain the term Solid waste. What are adverse effects of solid wastes in society? Discuss various methods for disposal of solid wastes. (Nov-2022, June-2024)

Q.3) a) Describe the causes and effects of marine pollution including the impact on human health and the environment.
b) Discuss the impact of nuclear hazards on human health and the environment. (Dec-2024)

Q.4) a) What are the differences between soil pollution and soil contamination? How many horizons are there in soils?
b) How can chemists, physicists, biologists and other scientists reduce disasters and crises of life? (Dec-2023)

Q.5) Which gas does not cause Air pollution? Who had coined the term SMOG? (June-2023, Dec-2023)

Q.6) Write brief notes on:
a) Noise pollution (Nov-2022)
b) Disaster management (June-2024)

Q.1) Discuss the causes, effects, and control measures of Thermal Pollution. (Predicted)

Q.2) Explain the role of an individual in the prevention of pollution. (Predicted)

Q.3) Describe the Disaster Management Cycle. Explain mitigation strategies for Floods and Cyclones. (Predicted)

Q.4) Write a case study on any major Industrial Pollution disaster (e.g., Bhopal Gas Tragedy). (Predicted)

Q.5) What is Soil Pollution? Discuss the control measures for urban and industrial solid wastes. (Predicted)

Q.1) a) What do you understand by concept of Green building? Explain.
b) What is an energy audit? Explain briefly the difference between preliminary and detailed energy audits?
c) What is LEED? What are the different LEED rating systems? (June-2023, June-2024)

Q.2) a) Describe the concept of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and its importance in promoting sustainable development.
b) Discuss the different stages of the EIA process. (Dec-2024)

Q.3) a) What is a watershed? What is the function of a watershed? Is there a code or symbol for the watersheds in the country?
b) Write a brief note on Resettlement and rehabilitation of people: Problems and Concerns! (Dec-2023)

Q.4) a) What are the objectives of Wildlife Protection Act? When was Wildlife Protection Act implemented write its features?
b) What are the main goals of Forest Conservation Act 1980? (Dec-2023, Dec-2024)

Q.5) Write short notes on:
a) Global warming (Nov-2022, June-2024)
b) Ozone layer depletion (Nov-2022, June-2024)
c) Acid rain (Nov-2022, June-2024)
d) Environment Protection Act (Nov-2022)
e) Ethics (June-2024)
f) Watershed management (Dec-2024)

Q.1) What is Rain Water Harvesting? Discuss the modern techniques of rain water harvesting. (Predicted)

Q.2) Discuss the issues involved in the enforcement of environmental legislation. (Predicted)

Q.3) Explain the salient features of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. (Predicted)

Q.4) Write a note on Wasteland Reclamation and Consumerism & waste products. (Predicted)

Q.5) What is Sustainable Development? Discuss the urban problems related to energy. (Predicted)