Q.1) Explain the ISO-OSI reference model in detail. Compare it with the TCP/IP model based on layer functionalities and real-world implementation. (June-2025)

Q.2) If a noiseless channel has a bandwidth of 3 kHz and each signal level carries 4 bits, calculate the maximum bit rate using the Nyquist formula. What if the number of signal levels in increased? (June-2025)

Q.3) Explain the principles and operation of circuit switching, packet switching and message switching. (June-2025)

Q.4) Write a short note on (any two):
c) Types of transmission media (guided and unguided) (June-2025)

Q.5) Describe each of the seven layers of the ISO/OSI model. For each layer explain its function and provide examples of protocols and devices associated with it. (June-2024)

Q.6) What is Shannon's Theorem and what does it state about the maximum data rate of a communication channel? Establish a relationship between channel capacity, bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) according to Shannon's Theorem. (June-2024)

Q.7) What do you understand by transmission media. Give the difference between Guided and Unguided media. (June-2024)

Q.8) Write a short note on any two:
a) Circuit, Packet and Message Switching (June-2024)

Q.9) Draw the ISO-OSI architecture and outline the function performed by each layer. (June-2023)

Q.10) Compare and contrast guided and unguided media for transmission. (June-2023)

Q.11) Explain network topological design with necessary diagram and brief the advantages and disadvantages of various topologies. (June-2023)

Q.12) Write Technical short note on any two:
i) Introduction to ISDN (June-2023)

Q.13) Difference between server based and Peer to Peer Networking. (Nov-2023)

Q.14) Explain the term Nyquist bit rate and Shannon capacity. (Nov-2023)

Q.15) Explain OSI model stating its importance in network architecture. (Nov-2023)

Q.1) Given a data block: 1101011011 and generator polynomial: 10011. Perform CRC computation and provide the final codeword. (June-2025)

Q.2) Explain the stop-and-wait protocol and sliding window protocol. How does the sender and receiver manage buffers in both cases? (June-2025)

Q.3) Discuss static Vs dynamic channel allocation. Compare ALOHA, slotted ALOHA and CSMA protocols. (June-2025)

Q.4) Write a short note on (any two):
b) PPP, SLIP and HDLC protocols (June-2025)

Q.5) Why is error control necessary in data communication? Describe the methods used for error detection and correction in the Data Link Layer. (June-2024)

Q.6) Calculate the CRC checksum for a data word represented by the polynomial $D(x)=x^{5}+x^{4}+x^{2}+1$ and a CRC polynomial $C(x)=x^{3}+x+1.$ (June-2024)

Q.7) How does ALOHA handle contention among multiple devices trying to access the shared channel? Give the advantages and limitations of the pure ALOHA protocol. (June-2024)

Q.8) Write a short note on any two:
b) HDLC (June-2024)

Q.9) List out the functions of the Data Link Layer. One channel with a bit rate of 190 kbps and another with a bit rate of 180 kbps are to be multiplexed using TDM with no synchronization bits.
i) What is the size of a frame in bits?
ii) What is the data rate? (June-2023)

Q.10) Define the relationship between transmission delay and propagation delay, if the efficiency is at least 50% in STOP N WAIT protocol. (June-2023)

Q.11) Discuss the issues in the data link layer and about its protocol on the basis of layering principle. (June-2023)

Q.12) Assume we want to send a data from S to R and there are 2 routers in between. What will be the total time taken if total number of packets is 5? Data is like:
$Tp=0$ ms, Data size $=1000$ bytes, $BW=1$ mbps, Header of the packet $=100$ bytes. (June-2023)

Q.13) Explain CSMA/CD in detail. (June-2023)

Q.14) Write Technical short note on any two:
ii) HDLC (June-2023)

Q.15) Explain MAC along with working of all CSMA protocols. (Nov-2023)

Q.16) What is the purpose of Hamming code? Construct Hamming code for the bit sequence 10011101. (Nov-2023)

Q.17) Describe Frame Relay Protocol architecture and explain the function of each one. (Nov-2023)

Q.1) Describe IEEE 802.3, IEEE802.4 and IEEE 802.5 LAN standards in terms of access methods, performance and topology. (June-2025)

Q.2) Compare and contrast the operations of hubs, switches, bridges, routers and gateways. (June-2025)

Q.3) Explain remote bridging. What challenges arise in implementing remote bridges in large LANs? (June-2025)

Q.4) Describe the key features and characteristics of the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard. (June-2024)

Q.5) What is a network switch and what role does it play in computer networking? How does a switch build and maintain its MAC address table? (June-2024)

Q.6) What are the primary design issues in the Network Layer and also discuss the main functions performed by the Network Layer? (June-2024)

Q.7) Write a short note on any two:
c) Router and Gateways (June-2024)

Q.8) Differentiate between Virtual Circuit versus Datagram Subnets. (June-2023)

Q.9) Write Technical short note on any two:
iii) HUB (June-2023)

Q.10) Explain the working of IEEE 802.4 standard. Also explain the working of Frame format. (Nov-2023)

Q.11) Imagine the length of ring in token ring is 1000 meter if the speed of propagation in a twisted pair cables is 60 percent of the speed of light (300,000,000 meter/ second). How long does it takes for a bit to make a complete trip? (Nov-2023)

Q.1) Describe classful IP addressing. Discuss the limitations that led to the evolution of CIDR and classless addressing. (June-2025)

Q.2) Discuss the working of link state routing and distance vector routing algorithms with their convergence speed and scalability. (June-2025)

Q.3) Write a short note on (any two):
a) ARP, RARP and ICMP protocols. (June-2025)

Q.4) Explain the concept of Shortest Path Routing with suitable example. Also discuss the advantages and limitations of Shortest Path Routing. (June-2024)

Q.5) Explain the role of each layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack with suitable layered architecture. (June-2024)

Q.6) What is ICMP? Describe the role of ICMP messages in network communication. What types of information do ICMP messages convey? Explain. (June-2024)

Q.7) Explain Distance Vector Routing (DVR) with working example in detail. (June-2023)

Q.8) Discuss in detail about ICMP role in network layer. (June-2023)

Q.9) Explain any two unicast static and dynamic routing Algorithms. (Nov-2023)

Q.10) Describe subnet mask. Explain different classes of IP address. (Nov-2023)

Q.11) Discuss internet services standards for TCP/IP and the process of standardization for RFCS and TCP/IP. (Nov-2023)

Q.12) Explain distance vector routing with example. (Nov-2023)

Q.1) Compare connection establishment and release in TCP using three-way and four-way handshakes. Why is graceful termination important? (June-2025)

Q.2) You are given a network 192.168.10.0/24. Divide it into 4 subnets and determine the range of IP addresses and broadcast address for each subnet. (June-2025)

Q.3) Describe the working of DNS. How does it resolve domain names to IP addresses using caching and hierarchical servers. (June-2025)

Q.4) What is the Domain Name System (DNS) and what role does it play in computer networking? Explain how DNS translates domain names to IP addresses and vice versa. (June-2024)

Q.5) What is load shedding and how does it relate to congestion control? Discuss some techniques used for load shedding in the Transport Layer. (June-2024)

Q.6) Write a short note on any two:
d) Connection establishment and release (June-2024)

Q.7) The IP network 200.198.160.0 is using subnet mask 255.255.255.224. Design the subnets. (June-2023)

Q.8) What is the format of an Email? Explain the architecture of a mailing system. (June-2023)

Q.9) Provide few reasons for congestion in a network. What is the purpose of the Domain Name System? (June-2023)

Q.10) Write Technical short note on any two:
iv) Jitter control (June-2023)

Q.11) Explain the various congestion control Algorithms. (Nov-2023)

Q.12) Explain the addressing using DNS. (Nov-2023)

Q.13) What is the principle difference between connectionless and connection oriented communication. (Nov-2023)