Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal
New Scheme Based On AICTE Flexible Curricula
CSE-Computer Science Engineering | IV-Semester
Module 1: Numerical Methods – 1 (8 hours)
Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations – Bisection method, Newton-Raphson method and Regula-Falsi method. Finite differences, Relation between operators, Interpolation using Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae. Interpolation with unequal intervals: Newton’s divided difference and Lagrange’s formulae.
Previous Years questions appears in RGPV exam.
Q.1) Find the real root of equation $f(x) = x^3 - x - 10$ by using Newton Raphson method correct up to 4 decimal places. (June-2025)
Q.2) Find solution $y(301)$ using Newton Divided difference interpolation formula
| $x$ | 300 | 304 | 305 | 307 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 2.4771 | 2.4829 | 2.4843 | 2.4871 |
(June-2025)
Q.3) Find Solution using Lagrange's Interpolation formula.
| $x$ | 2 | 2.5 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 0.69315 | 0.91629 | 1.09861 |
(June-2025)
Q.4) Using Newton-Raphson method find the real root of the equation $3x = \cos x + 1$ correct to five decimal places. (Dec-2024)
Q.5) Find $f(g)$ from the following table
| $x$ | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 8 | 11 | 68 | 123 | 163 |
(Dec-2024)
Q.6) Show that Newton Raphson method is quadratic convergent. (Dec-2024)
Q.7) Drive Newton forward interpolation formula and use it to estimate the value of $f(1.25)$ from the following table
| $x$ | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 4.00 | 18.25 | 44.00 | 84.25 |
(Dec-2024)
Q.8) If the equation $f(x)$ is given as $x^3 - x^2 + 4x - 4 = 0$. Considering the initial approximation at $x = 2$ then find the value of next approximation correct upto 2 decimal places. (June-2024)
Q.9) What is the rate of convergence of Newton Raphson method? (June-2024)
Q.10) Find
i) $\Delta e^{ax}$
ii) $\Delta^2 e^x$
iii) $\Delta \log x$ (June-2024)
Q.11) Prove that $f(4) = f(3) + \Delta f(2) + \Delta^2 f(1) + \Delta^3 f(1)$ taking '1' as the interval of differencing. (June-2024)
Q.12) Find $f(0.18)$ from the following table using Newton's Forward interpolation formula.
| $x$ | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 1 | 1.052 | 1.2214 | 1.3499 | 1.4918 |
(June-2024)
Q.13) Find the value of $f(5)$ from the following table.
| $X$ | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $F(x)$ | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 128 |
(June-2024)
Q.14) Find the real root of the equation $x \log_{10} x - 1.2 = 0$ correct to five places of decimal by Regula Falsi Method. (June-2024)
Q.15) Evaluate $\sqrt{12}$ to four decimal places by Newton Raphson Method. (Nov-2023)
Q.16) What is the rate of convergence of bisection method? (Nov-2023)
Q.17) Prove that
i) $\Delta = \frac{1}{2} \delta^2 + \delta \sqrt{1 + \left(\frac{\delta^2}{4}\right)}$
ii) $\Delta + \nabla = \frac{\Delta}{\nabla} - \frac{\nabla}{\Delta}$ (Nov-2023)
Q.18) Construct a backward difference table for $y = \log x$ given that
| $x$ | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $y$ | 1 | 1.3010 | 1.4771 | 1.6021 | 1.6990 |
And find values of $\nabla^3 \log 40$ and $\nabla^4 \log 50$ (Nov-2023)
Q.19) Using following table, by Lagrange's Method find $f(x)$ as a polynomial in $x$:
| $x$ | -1 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 3 | -6 | 39 | 822 | 1611 |
(Nov-2023)
Q.20) Using Newton's divided difference formula, calculate the value of $f(6)$ from the following data:
| $x$ | 1 | 2 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
(Nov-2023)
Q.21) Find missing values in the following table:
| $x$ | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $y$ | 6 | 10 | - | 17 | - | 31 |
(Nov-2023, June-2024)
Q.22) Using Lagrange's interpolation formula to fit a polynomial to the data:
| $x$ | -1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | -8 | 3 | 1 | 12 |
(Nov-2023)
Q.23) Using Regula-Falsi method, find the real root of $x \log_{10} x = 1.2$, correct to four decimal places. (Nov-2023)
Q.24) Find the real root of the equation $x^3 - 3x - 5 = 0$ correct to four places of decimals by Newton Raphson method. (June-2023)
Q.25) Evaluate
$\Delta^6 (ax - 1)(bx^2 - 1)(cx^3 - 1); h=1$ (June-2023)
Q.26) Using Newton's divided difference formula, find $f(8)$ and $f(15)$ from the following table.
| x | 4 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F(x) | 48 | 100 | 294 | 900 | 1210 | 2028 |
(June-2023)
Q.27) Find the real root of the equation $xe^x - 3 = 0$ correct to three decimal places by Regula Falsi method. (June-2023)
Q.28) Use Newton's formula for interpolation to find the net premium at the age 25 from the table given below:
| Age | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net Premium | 0.01427 | 0.01581 | 0.01772 | 0.01996 |
(Nov-2022)
Q.29) Using Newton-Raphson's method find the real root of $x^4 - x - 10 = 0$. (Nov-2022)
Q.30) Prove that
$$ \Delta^n 0^{n+1} = \frac{n(n+1)}{2} \Delta^n 0^n $$ (Nov-2022)
Q.31) Given that $\log x$ for $x = 310, 320, 330, 340, 350$ and $360$ are according to following table. Find the value of $\log 3375$.
| $x$ | 310 | 320 | 330 | 340 | 350 | 360 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $\log x$ | 2.4913617 | 2.5051500 | 2.5185139 | 2.5314789 | 2.5440680 | 2.5563025 |
(Nov-2022)
Q.32) Prove that
$$ \Delta^n \sin(ax + b) = \left( 2 \sin \frac{ah}{2} \right)^n \sin \left[ ax + b + n \left( \frac{ah + \pi}{2} \right) \right] $$ (Nov-2022)
Module 2: Numerical Methods – 2 (6 hours)
Numerical Differentiation, Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 rules. Solution of Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations by Gauss’s Elimination, Gauss’s Jordan, Crout’s methods, Jacobi’s, Gauss-Seidal, and Relaxation method.
Previous Years questions appears in RGPV exam.
Q.1) Evaluate the following using Simpson's 3/8 rule.
| $x$ | 4 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 5.2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 1.3863 | 1.4351 | 1.4816 | 1.5261 | 1.5686 | 1.6094 | 1.6487 |
(June-2025)
Q.2) Solve the given set of equations by using Gauss elimination method:
$x + y + z = 4$
$x + 4y + 3z = 8$
$x + 6y + 2z = 6$ (June-2025)
Q.3) Apply the Simpson's $\frac{3}{8}$ rule to evaluate the following integral for six digit $\int_{1.0}^{1.30} \sqrt{x} \cdot dx$. (Dec-2024)
Q.4) Solve the following system of equation using Gauss-Seidel method.
$27x + 6y - z = 85$
$6x + 15y + 2z = 72$
$x + y + 54z = 110$ (Dec-2024, June-2023)
Q.5) Find $\frac{dy}{dx}$ at $x = 1.5$ from the following table
| $x$ | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 3.375 | 7.0 | 13.625 | 24.0 | 38.87 | 59.0 |
(Dec-2024)
Q.6) Solve the system of equations
$3x + y - z = 3$
$2x - 8y + z = -5$
$x - 2y + 9z = 8$
Using Gauss elimination method. (Dec-2024)
Q.7) Using Simpson's 3/8 rule to solve the integral $\int_4^{5.2} \log_e x dx$ (June-2024)
Q.8) Apply Gauss Elimination method to solve the following equations:
$2x - y + 3z = 9$
$x + y + z = 6$
$x - y + z = 2$ (June-2024)
Q.9) Find $f'(1.1)$ and $f''(1.1)$ from the following table:
| $x$ | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 0.0 | 0.1280 | 0.5540 | 1.2960 | 2.4320 | 4.0 |
(Nov-2023)
Q.10) Find $\int_0^6 \frac{e^x}{1+x} dx$ approximately using simpson's $\frac{3}{8}$th rule on integration. (Nov-2023)
Q.11) Use Simpson's 1/3 and 3/8 rule to evaluate the following.
$\int_0^1 \frac{dx}{1+x^2}$
Hence obtain the approximate value of $\pi$ in each case. (June-2023)
Q.12) Compute the value of the following integral by trapezoidal Rule.
$\int_{0.2}^{1.4} (\sin x - \log_e x + e^x) dx$ (June-2023)
Q.13) Use Simpson's rule to find approximate value of the following integral.
$\int_1^2 \frac{dx}{x}$ (June-2023)
Q.14) Solve the simultaneous linear equations using Crout's method.
$x_1 + x_2 + x_3 = 1$
$3x_1 + x_2 - 3x_3 = 5$
$x_1 - 2x_2 - 5x_3 = 10$ (Nov-2022)
Q.15) Evaluate $\int_0^1 \log x \cos x \, dx$ by (i) Trapezoidal rule (ii) Simpson 3/8 rule. (Nov-2022)
Module 3: Numerical Methods – 3 (10 hours)
Ordinary differential equations: Taylor’s series, Euler and modified Euler’s methods. RungeKutta method of fourth order for solving first and second order equations. Milne’s and Adam’s predicator-corrector methods. Partial differential equations: Finite difference solution two dimensional Laplace equation and Poission equation, Implicit and explicit methods for one dimensional heat equation (BenderSchmidt and Crank-Nicholson methods), Finite difference explicit method for wave equation.
Previous Years questions appears in RGPV exam.
Q.1) Using modified Euler's method, find an approximate value of $Y$, when $x = 0.3$, Given that $\frac{dy}{dx} = x + y$ and $y = 1$, when $x = 0$. (June-2025)
Q.2) Consider an ordinary differential equation $\frac{dy}{dx} = x^2 + y^2, y(1) = 1.2$. Find $y(1.05)$ using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. (June-2025)
Q.3) Using Milne's method find $y(4.4.)$ given $5xy + y^2 - 2 = 0$
Given $y(4) = 1, y(4.1) = 1.0049, y(4.2) = 1.0097$ and $y(4.3) = 1.0143$. (June-2025)
Q.4) Using Runge-Kutta method of fourth order solve
$\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{y^2 - x^2}{y^2 + x^2}, y(0) = 1$ at $x = 0.4$ in step of $0.2$ (Dec-2024)
Q.5) Find $y(2.2)$ using Euler's method for $\frac{dy}{dx} = -xy^2$ where $y(2) = 1$. (Dec-2024)
Q.6) Use Runge-Kutta method to approximate $y$, when $x = 0.1$ and $x = 0.2$, given that $x = 0$ when $y = 1$ and $\frac{dy}{dx} = x + y$. (June-2024, Nov-2022)
Q.7) Use Milne's method to solve $\frac{dy}{dx} = x + y$ with initial condition $y(0) = 1$, from $x = 0.20$ to $x = 0.30$. (June-2024, Nov-2022)
Q.8) Solve the equation $\frac{dy}{dx} = 1 - y$ with initial condition $y(0) = 0$ using Euler's modified method and tabulate the solution at $x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3$. (Nov-2023)
Q.9) Solve $\frac{dy}{dx} = x + y^2$ by using Runge-Kutta method of fourth order to find an approximate value of $y$ for $x = 0.2$, given that $y = 1$ when $x = 0$. (Take $h = 0.1$) (Nov-2023)
Q.10) Use Euler's method compute the solution of
$\frac{dy}{dx} = y^2 - x^2$ with $y(0) = 1$ at $x = 0.1$. (June-2023)
Q.11) Use Euler's Modified method to solve the equation
$\frac{dy}{dx} = x + y$, $y(0) = 1$, $h = 0.2$ compute $y(1)$ (June-2023)
Q.12) Find $y(0.1)$ for differential equation $\frac{dy}{dx} = x^2 y - 1, y(0) = 1$ using Taylor's series method. (Nov-2022)
Q.13) Solve $xy'' + y' + xy = 0$, where $y(0) = 1, y'(0) = 0$, for $x = 0$ to $x = 1.5$. (Nov-2022)
Module 4: Transform Calculus (8 hours)
Laplace Transform, Properties of Laplace Transform, Laplace transform of periodic functions. Finding inverse Laplace transform by different methods, convolution theorem. Evaluation of integrals by Laplace transform, solving ODEs by Laplace Transform method, Fourier transforms.
Previous Years questions appears in RGPV exam.
Q.1) Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following functions.
$$F(s) = \frac{1}{(s+1)(s^2+1)}$$ (June-2025)
Q.2) Suppose that the function $y(t)$ satisfies the DE $y'' - 2y' - y = 1$, with initial values, $y(0) = -1, y'(0) = 1$. Find the laplace transform of $y(t)$. (June-2025)
Q.3) Find the Laplace transform of the following function
i) $L(t^2 e^{-t} \cosh 2t)$
ii) $L(e^{3t} \sin^2 4t)$ (June-2025)
Q.4) Find the Inverse Laplace transform of $\frac{1}{p^3 (p^2 + a^2)}$. (Dec-2024)
Q.5) Using Laplace transform solve the differential equation
$\frac{d^3y}{dt^3} + 2 \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} - \frac{dy}{dt} - 2y = 0$
Where $y = 1, \frac{dy}{dt} = 2, \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} = 2$ at $t = 0$. (Dec-2024)
Q.6) Evaluate $\int_0^\infty \frac{e^{-t} \cdot \sin t}{t} dt$ (Dec-2024)
Q.7) Find Fourier sine transform of $\frac{1}{x}$. (Dec-2024)
Q.8) Find the inverse Laplace transform of $\frac{2s+1}{s(s-1)}$. (June-2024)
Q.9) State convolution theorem and hence evaluate $L^{-1} \left[ \frac{s}{(s^2+1)(s^2+4)} \right]$. (June-2024)
Q.10) Evaluate
$L^{-1} \left[ \frac{s+7}{s^2 + 4s + 8} \right]$ (Nov-2023)
Q.11) Find the inverse Laplace transform of $\frac{s+4}{s(s-1)(s^2+4)}$. (Nov-2023)
Q.12) Prove that if $L\{f(t)\} = F(s)$ then $L \left\{ \frac{1}{t} f(t) \right\} = \int_s^\infty F(s) ds$ hence, evaluate $\frac{e^{at} - \cos bt}{t}$. (Nov-2023)
Q.13) Use Laplace transform to solve the Initial Value Problem.
$y' + 2y = 26 \sin 3t, y(0) = 3$ (June-2023)
Q.14) Evaluate
$L(t \cos at)$ (June-2023)
Q.15) Evaluate
$L^{-1} \left[ \frac{1}{(1+s)^3} \right]$ (June-2023)
Q.16) Evaluate
$L \{ t^2 e^{-3t} \}$ (June-2023)
Q.17) Find Laplace transform of
$$f(t) = \begin{cases} \sin t & 0 < t < 2\pi \\ 0 & 2\pi < t \end{cases}$$ (Nov-2022)
Q.18) Find the Fourier series for periodic extension of
$$f(t) = \begin{cases} \sin t, & 0 \le t \le \pi \\ 0, & \pi \le t \le 2\pi \end{cases}$$ (Nov-2022)
Module 5: Concept of Probability (8 hours)
Probability Mass function, Probability Density Function, Discrete Distribution: Binomial, Poisson’s, Continuous Distribution: Normal Distribution, Exponential Distribution.
Previous Years questions appears in RGPV exam.
Q.1) A device is used to measure the speed of cars on a highway. The speed is normally distributed with a 90 km/hr mean and a standard deviation of 10. What is the probability that the car picked was travelling at more than 100 km/hr? (June-2025)
Q.2) The mean and the standard deviation of a binomial distribution are 100 and 5. Find the binomial distribution. (June-2025)
Q.3) In a normal distribution, 10.03% of the items are under 25 kg. weight and 89.97% of the items are under 70 kg. weight. What are the mean and standard deviation of the distribution? (June-2025)
Q.4) Find mean of Poisson distribution. (June-2025, June-2023)
Q.5) Write short note on Exponential distribution. (June-2025, June-2023)
Q.6) Fit a Poisson distribution to the following.
| $x$ | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $f(x)$ | 46 | 38 | 22 | 9 | 1 |
(Dec-2024, Nov-2023)
Q.7) Calculate the mean and standard deviation of Binomial Distribution. (Dec-2024, Nov-2023)
Q.8) A binomial variable X satisfies the relation $9P(X = 4) = P(X = 2)$ when $n = 6$. Find the value of the parameter $p$ and $P(X = 1)$. (June-2024)
Q.9) A large number of measurement is normally distributed with a mean 65.5" and S.D. of 6.2". Find the percentage of measurements that fall between 54.8" and 68.8". (June-2024)
Q.10) If 'm' balls are distributed among 'a' men and 'b' women show that the probability that the number of balls received by men is odd, shall be
$$ \frac{1}{2} \left[ \frac{(b+a)^m - (b-a)^m}{(b+a)^m} \right] $$ (Nov-2022)
Q.11) Two independent random variable X and Y are both normally distributed with means 1 and 2 and standard deviations 3 and 4 respectively. If Z = X - Y, write the probability density function of Z. Also state the median, s.d. and mean of the distribution of Z. Find P[Z + 1 $\le$ 0]. (Nov-2022)
Q.12) Prove that for normal distribution, the Quartile Deviation (QD), Mean Deviation (MD) and Standard Deviation (SD) follows QD : MD : SD :: 10 : 12 : 15. (Nov-2022)